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Kewenangan PPAT Dalam Akta Tukar Menukar Lintas Daerah Kerja:

Kewenangan PPAT Dalam Akta Tukar Menukar Lintas Daerah Kerja:
REGULASI MEMUNGKINKAN, SISTEM MENGHALANGI

Analisis Normatif dan Empiris Kewenangan PPAT dalam Praktik Pertanahan Elektronik

PERTANYAAN

Apakah Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT) Kota Tangerang Selatan berwenang untuk membuat Akta Tukar Menukar atas objek tanah yang terletak di Kota Tangerang Selatan dan Kabupaten Bogor dalam satu (1) akta?

JAWABAN HUKUM (NORMATIF): BISA

Secara normatif, PPAT diperbolehkan membuat Akta Tukar Menukar yang melibatkan beberapa bidang tanah yang tidak seluruhnya berada dalam satu wilayah kerja, sepanjang salah satu objek tanah berada dalam daerah kerja PPAT tersebut.

Kewenangan ini diatur secara tegas dan eksplisit dalam peraturan perundang-undangan berikut:

1️⃣ Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 37 Tahun 1998 tentang Jabatan PPAT
Pasal 4 ayat (2):
“Akta tukar menukar, akta pemasukan ke dalam perusahaan, dan akta pembagian hak bersama mengenai beberapa hak atas tanah dan Hak Milik atas Satuan Rumah Susun yang tidak semuanya terletak di dalam daerah kerja seorang PPAT dapat dibuat oleh PPAT yang daerah kerjanya meliputi salah satu bidang tanah atau satuan rumah susun yang haknya menjadi objek perbuatan hukum dalam akta.”

2️⃣ Peraturan Kepala BPN Nomor 1 Tahun 2006
Pasal 4 ayat (1):
“PPAT dapat membuat akta tukar menukar, akta pemasukan ke dalam perusahaan, atau akta pembagian hak bersama mengenai beberapa hak atas tanah dan/atau Hak Milik atas Satuan Rumah Susun yang tidak semuanya terletak dalam satu daerah kerjanya, apabila salah satu bidang tanah atau satuan rumah susun yang menjadi objek perbuatan hukum tersebut terletak di dalam daerah kerjanya.”

📌 Kesimpulan Normatif:
Secara hukum, PPAT Kota Tangerang Selatan berwenang membuat Akta Tukar Menukar yang melibatkan objek di Kota Tangerang Selatan dan Kabupaten Bogor, selama salah satu objek tanahnya berada dalam wilayah kerja PPAT Tangerang Selatan.

FAKTA PRAKTIK (EMPIRIS): TIDAK BISA

Dalam praktik pelayanan pertanahan berbasis elektronik melalui sistem BPN seperti Sentuh Tanahku, HT-el, atau e-Akta, fitur sistem belum mendukung pembuatan akta lintas wilayah kerja.

Akibatnya, meskipun secara hukum dimungkinkan, namun secara sistem operasional belum dapat diimplementasikan. Dengan kata lain, sistem administrasi menghalangi kewenangan yang secara normatif sah.

ANALISIS DAN KRITIK

  1. Diskrepansi antara Norma dan Sistem
    Regulasi memberi kewenangan, tetapi sistem aplikasi pertanahan membatasi implementasinya.
  2. Asas Supremasi Regulasi atas Sistem
    Sistem administrasi hanyalah instrumen pelaksanaan hukum, bukan sumber hukum itu sendiri.
  3. Asas Kepastian dan Kemanfaatan (Pasal 3 UU 30/2014)
    Pembatasan kewenangan sah PPAT oleh sistem elektronik bertentangan dengan asas kepastian dan kemanfaatan.
  4. Rekomendasi
    • Sinkronisasi teknis antara Pusdatin BPN dan Ditjen AHU.
    • Mekanisme koordinatif dua PPAT sebagai solusi sementara.
    • Peran IPPAT dan Kanwil BPN dalam mendorong penyesuaian sistem.

PENUTUP

Secara yuridis, bisa. Secara sistem, belum bisa.

Namun prinsip hukum menegaskan bahwa sistem administrasi harus tunduk pada regulasi, bukan sebaliknya.

Sebagaimana asas lex superior derogat legi inferiori, peraturan yang lebih tinggi mengesampingkan ketentuan yang lebih rendah.

Dengan demikian, PPAT yang berpegang pada norma hukum tetap berada dalam posisi benar secara yuridis, meskipun pelaksanaan masih terhambat oleh keterbatasan sistem digital pertanahan.

Lanjutkan Membaca

Artikel ini merupakan bagian dari ADIABEL – Reading Room, yang mengulas praktik PPAT, hukum pertanahan, dan tantangan digitalisasi administrasi agraria.

QUESTION

Is a Land Deed Official (PPAT) of South Tangerang City authorized to execute a Deed of Exchange involving land objects located in South Tangerang City and Bogor Regency within a single deed?

LEGAL ANSWER (NORMATIVE): YES

Normatively, a PPAT is permitted to execute a Deed of Exchange involving multiple parcels of land not entirely located within one jurisdiction, provided that at least one land object falls within the PPAT’s area of authority.

Such authority is expressly regulated under the following laws and regulations:

1️⃣ Government Regulation No. 37 of 1998 on the Office of PPAT
Article 4 paragraph (2):
“Deeds of exchange, deeds of capital contribution into a company, and deeds of division of joint rights concerning several land rights and Ownership Rights to Condominium Units not all of which are located within the working area of a PPAT may be executed by a PPAT whose jurisdiction covers at least one land parcel or condominium unit whose right constitutes the object of the legal act in the deed.”

2️⃣ Regulation of the Head of the National Land Agency No. 1 of 2006
Article 4 paragraph (1):
“A PPAT may execute deeds of exchange, deeds of capital contribution into a company, or deeds of division of joint rights concerning several land rights and/or Ownership Rights to Condominium Units not all of which are located within one jurisdiction, provided that at least one land parcel or condominium unit constituting the object of the legal act is located within the PPAT’s jurisdiction.”

📌 Normative Conclusion:
Legally, a PPAT of South Tangerang City is authorized to execute a Deed of Exchange involving land objects located in South Tangerang City and Bogor Regency, as long as at least one land object lies within the PPAT’s jurisdiction.

PRACTICAL FACT (EMPIRICAL): NO

In practice, electronic land administration systems of the National Land Agency such as Sentuh Tanahku, HT-el, and e-Akta do not yet support the execution of deeds across multiple jurisdictions.

As a result, although legally permissible, such authority cannot yet be implemented operationally. In other words, administrative systems hinder authority that is normatively valid.

ANALYSIS AND CRITIQUE

  1. Discrepancy between Norms and Systems
    Regulations grant authority, but land administration systems restrict implementation.
  2. Principle of Regulatory Supremacy over Systems
    Administrative systems are merely instruments for implementing law, not sources of law.
  3. Principles of Legal Certainty and Utility (Article 3 of Law No. 30 of 2014)
    System-based restrictions contradict principles of efficiency, utility, and legal certainty.
  4. Recommendations
    • Technical synchronization between BPN data centers and AHU Directorate General.
    • Temporary coordination mechanisms between two PPATs.
    • Advocacy by IPPAT and BPN Regional Offices for system alignment.

CLOSING

Juridically, it is permissible. Systemically, it is not yet feasible.

However, prevailing legal principles affirm that administrative systems must conform to regulations, not vice versa.

Pursuant to the principle of lex superior derogat legi inferiori, higher-ranking regulations prevail over lower-ranking provisions.

Accordingly, a PPAT who adheres to legal norms remains juridically correct, even though practical implementation is still constrained by limitations of the current digital land administration system.

Continue Reading

This article forms part of ADIABEL – Reading Room, discussing PPAT authority, land law, and challenges of digital land administration.

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