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Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Personil Pengendali Korporasi

Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Personil Pengendali Korporasi
Putusan MA RI No. 1081 K/Pid.Sus/2014

1. Isu Hukum Utama

Apakah seseorang yang memiliki kekuasaan signifikan dalam pengambilan keputusan perusahaan, namun tidak tercantum secara formal dalam akta pendirian, dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban pidana sebagai personil pengendali korporasi?

2. Fakta Hukum Singkat

  • Terdakwa (Labora Sitorus) bukan pengurus formal PT Rotua dalam dokumen legal.
  • PT Rotua menjual hasil hutan dari pembalakan liar.
  • Izin Usaha Industri PT Rotua tidak mencakup kegiatan yang dilakukan.
  • Mahkamah Agung menyatakan bahwa peran substantif terdakwa membuktikan dirinya sebagai personil pengendali.

3. Dasar Hukum Terkait

  • Undang-Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 1999 tentang Kehutanan
  • Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana Pasal 55 dan Pasal 56
  • Konsep pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi dan pengendali de facto

4. Pertimbangan Mahkamah Agung

  • Pengaruh dan kekuasaan substantif lebih penting dari status formal.
  • Pertanggungjawaban pidana berlaku bagi pengendali de facto.
  • Terdakwa dapat dikualifikasikan sebagai personil pengendali korporasi.

5. Dampak dan Implikasi Hukum

a. Korporasi tidak lagi menjadi perisai mutlak dari pertanggungjawaban pidana.

b. Pengakuan terhadap konsep Ultimate Beneficial Owner.

c. Peringatan terhadap praktik Nominee Director.

d. Penegasan standar due diligence dalam pengelolaan korporasi.

6. Penilaian (Review)

  • Bernilai preseden tinggi.
  • Sejalan dengan tren internasional.
  • Memperkuat dasar hukum untuk piercing the corporate veil.
  • Mengurangi penyalahgunaan struktur legal.

Kesimpulan

Putusan ini adalah tonggak penting dalam hukum pidana korporasi. Pengendali de facto dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban pidana, memperluas cakupan akuntabilitas hukum dan memperkuat prinsip transparansi dan tanggung jawab dalam pengelolaan korporasi.

📘 Sumber Resmi Putusan: https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/direktori/putusan/ad48f5fbd9ad1917897ac0e0418bd014.html

Lanjutkan Membaca

Artikel ini merupakan bagian dari ADIABEL – Reading Room, yang mengulas hukum pidana korporasi, pertanggungjawaban pengendali, dan yurisprudensi Mahkamah Agung.

1. Main Legal Issue

Can a person who exercises significant control over corporate decision-making, yet is not formally listed in the company’s deed of establishment, be held criminally liable as corporate controlling personnel?

2. Brief Legal Facts

  • The Defendant (Labora Sitorus) was not formally registered as a management officer of PT Rotua in the company’s legal documents.
  • PT Rotua sold forest products derived from illegal logging activities.
  • The Industrial Business License of PT Rotua did not cover the activities conducted.
  • The Supreme Court held that the Defendant’s substantive role proved his status as controlling personnel.

3. Relevant Legal Basis

  • Law Number 41 of 1999 on Forestry
  • Articles 55 and 56 of the Indonesian Criminal Code
  • The concept of corporate criminal liability and de facto controlling persons

4. Supreme Court Considerations

  • Substantive influence and control prevail over formal status.
  • Criminal liability applies to de facto corporate controllers.
  • The Defendant may be qualified as corporate controlling personnel.

5. Legal Impact and Implications

a. Corporations are no longer an absolute shield against criminal liability.

b. Recognition of the concept of Ultimate Beneficial Owner.

c. A warning against the practice of Nominee Director.

d. Reinforcement of due diligence standards in corporate governance.

6. Assessment (Review)

  • High precedential value.
  • Consistent with international trends.
  • Strengthens the legal basis for piercing the corporate veil.
  • Reduces abuse of legal corporate structures.

Conclusion

This decision constitutes a significant milestone in corporate criminal law. De facto controllers may be held criminally liable, thereby expanding the scope of legal accountability and reinforcing the principles of transparency and responsibility in corporate management.

📘 Official Decision Source: https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/direktori/putusan/ad48f5fbd9ad1917897ac0e0418bd014.html

Continue Reading

This article forms part of ADIABEL – Reading Room, examining corporate criminal liability, controlling persons, and Supreme Court jurisprudence.

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