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Telaah Sengketa Agraria, Perdata, Administratif, dan Eksekusi Putusan

Telaah Sengketa Agraria, Perdata, Administratif, dan Eksekusi Putusan

Sengketa Kepemilikan Tanah dan Bangunan di Jalan Kalipasir No.16, Menteng, Jakarta Pusat

I. Latar Belakang dan Kepemilikan

Pihak kami merupakan pemilik sah atas tanah dan bangunan yang terletak di Jalan Kalipasir No.16, Menteng, Jakarta Pusat, yang diperoleh melalui jual beli secara sah dengan itikad baik untuk tujuan pembangunan Rumah Sakit Khusus Mata. Sejak perolehan lebih dari 30 tahun lalu, tanah dan bangunan tersebut telah dikuasai, dibangun, dirawat, dan dibayar PBB setiap tahun.

Bukti legalitas mencakup:

  • Sertifikat Hak Pakai;
  • Izin Mendirikan Bangunan (IMB);
  • Surat Keputusan BPN tentang Peningkatan Hak menjadi HGB;
  • Bukti setoran ke kas negara.

Namun, sertifikat HGB tidak kunjung diterbitkan oleh BPN meskipun seluruh kewajiban hukum telah dipenuhi.

II. Gugatan Awal terhadap BPN

Ayah kami menggugat BPN ke Pengadilan Negeri agar segera menerbitkan sertifikat HGB berdasarkan SK BPN yang telah sah. Dalam prosesnya, Bank Mandiri mengajukan klaim kepemilikan dan pemblokiran terhadap tanah tersebut dengan dasar eigendom verponding peninggalan Belanda, yang telah gugur menjadi tanah negara sejak berlakunya UUPA Tahun 1960.

Kementerian Keuangan melalui DJKN telah menegaskan bahwa tanah dimaksud tidak tercatat sebagai aset negara.

III. Putusan Pengadilan Negeri

Pengadilan Negeri mengabulkan gugatan kami dan memerintahkan BPN untuk menerbitkan sertifikat HGB serta memerintahkan Bank Mandiri mencabut blokir atas tanah tersebut. Putusan ini menegaskan bahwa penguasaan kami dinyatakan sah secara hukum.

IV. Upaya Hukum Lanjutan oleh Bank Mandiri

Bank Mandiri mengajukan gugatan baru terkait sengketa kepemilikan tanpa memiliki bukti kepemilikan sah, hanya mengandalkan dalil sejarah eigendom verponding. Gugatan tersebut bergulir hingga tingkat Pengadilan Tinggi, Mahkamah Agung, dan Peninjauan Kembali (PK) yang seluruhnya menolak permohonan kami tanpa menilai fakta penguasaan sah dengan itikad baik.

V. Proses Eksekusi dan Tindakan di Lapangan

Pada pukul 08.00 WIB dilaksanakan eksekusi dengan lebih dari 500 aparat gabungan. Kami bersama warga sekitar berjumlah sekitar 200 orang mencoba mempertahankan aset, namun terjadi tindakan represif.

Enam hingga tujuh warga ditangkap dan diangkut ke truk tahanan, aparat mengosongkan seluruh bangunan termasuk bagian yang tidak termasuk objek perkara. Objek perkara seluas 453 m², namun penyitaan dilakukan atas lebih dari 1.000 m². Barang-barang pribadi, furnitur, dan peralatan elektronik turut disita dan tidak dapat diambil kembali.

Upaya kami menunjukkan batas objek sengketa justru direspons dengan ancaman dan intimidasi fisik.

VI. Analisis Awal Aspek Hukum

  1. Aspek Agraria: Dasar klaim eigendom verponding tidak berlaku sejak UUPA 1960.
  2. Aspek Perdata: Kepemilikan kami didukung asas bezit dan itikad baik.
  3. Aspek Administratif: Penundaan penerbitan sertifikat melanggar asas kepastian hukum.
  4. Aspek Eksekusi: Eksekusi melampaui objek perkara merupakan tindakan ultra vires.

VII. Kesimpulan dan Rekomendasi

  1. Pihak kami memiliki legal standing yang sah.
  2. Klaim Bank Mandiri tidak sah menurut hukum agraria.
  3. Eksekusi menimbulkan pelanggaran hak kepemilikan.
  4. Langkah hukum lanjutan:
    • Permohonan perlindungan hukum ke lembaga negara terkait;
    • Pengajuan perlawanan eksekusi (derden verzet);
    • Laporan dugaan pelanggaran prosedur eksekusi.

Lanjutkan Membaca

Artikel ini merupakan bagian dari ADIABEL – Reading Room, yang mengulas sengketa agraria, kepastian hukum, dan perlindungan hak milik dalam praktik peradilan.

I. Background and Ownership

Our party is the lawful owner of the land and building located at Jalan Kalipasir No.16, Menteng, Central Jakarta, which was acquired through a valid sale and purchase conducted in good faith for the purpose of developing a Specialized Eye Hospital. Since its acquisition more than 30 years ago, the land and building have been continuously possessed, developed, maintained, and subject to annual land and building tax payments.

Evidence of legality includes:

  • Right of Use Certificate;
  • Building Construction Permit (IMB);
  • Decision of the National Land Agency (BPN) on the upgrading of rights to Right to Build (HGB);
  • Proof of payments to the state treasury.

However, the HGB certificate has not been issued by the BPN despite full compliance with all legal obligations.

II. Initial Lawsuit against the National Land Agency

Our father filed a lawsuit against the BPN before the District Court seeking the issuance of the HGB certificate based on a valid BPN decision. During the proceedings, Bank Mandiri asserted a claim of ownership and imposed a blockage on the land based on historical eigendom verponding originating from the Dutch colonial period, which has lapsed into state land following the enactment of the Basic Agrarian Law of 1960.

The Ministry of Finance through the Directorate General of State Assets (DJKN) has confirmed that the land is not recorded as a state asset.

III. District Court Decision

The District Court granted our claim and ordered the BPN to issue the HGB certificate and ordered Bank Mandiri to lift the blockage. The decision affirmed that our possession was legally valid.

IV. Further Legal Remedies by Bank Mandiri

Bank Mandiri filed subsequent lawsuits concerning ownership disputes without possessing valid ownership evidence, relying solely on historical eigendom verponding claims. These actions proceeded through the High Court, the Supreme Court, and Judicial Review, all of which rejected our position without assessing the facts of long-term possession in good faith.

V. Execution Process and On-Site Actions

Execution was carried out at 08.00 WIB involving more than 500 joint security personnel. Approximately 200 residents and our party attempted to protect the asset, resulting in repressive actions.

Six to seven residents were detained, buildings beyond the disputed object were vacated, and property exceeding the disputed area was seized. Personal belongings and equipment were confiscated and could not be recovered.

VI. Preliminary Legal Analysis

  1. Agrarian Aspect: Eigendom verponding claims ceased to be valid after 1960.
  2. Civil Law Aspect: Ownership is supported by good faith possession.
  3. Administrative Law Aspect: Delay violates legal certainty.
  4. Execution Aspect: Actions exceeded the scope of authority.

VII. Conclusion and Recommendations

  1. Our party holds valid legal standing.
  2. Bank Mandiri’s claim lacks legal basis.
  3. The execution violated ownership rights.
  4. Recommended legal actions include applications for legal protection and execution opposition.

Continue Reading

This article forms part of ADIABEL – Reading Room, examining land ownership disputes, legal certainty, and protection of property rights.

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